I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by 
madness, starving hysterical naked,
dragging themselves through the negro 
streets at dawn looking for an angry fix,
angelheaded hipsters burning 
for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of 
night,
who poverty and tatters and hollow-eyed and high sat up smoking in 
the supernatural darkness of cold-water flats floating across the tops of cities 
contemplating jazz,
who bared their brains to Heaven under the El and saw 
Mohammedan angels staggering on tenement roofs illuminated,
who passed 
through universities with radiant eyes hallucinating Arkansas and Blake-light 
tragedy among the scholars of war,
who were expelled from the academies 
for crazy & publishing obscene odes on the windows of the skull,
who 
cowered in unshaven rooms in underwear, burning their money in wastebaskets and 
listening to the Terror through the wall,
who got busted in their pubic 
beards returning through Laredo with a belt of marijuana for New 
York,
who ate fire in paint hotels or drank turpentine in Paradise Alley, 
death, or purgatoried their torsos night after night
with dreams, with 
drugs, with waking nightmares, alcohol and cock and endless 
balls,
incomparable blind streets of shuddering cloud and lightning in 
the mind leaping towards poles of Canada & Paterson, illuminating all the 
motionless world of Time between,
Peyote solidities of halls, backyard 
green tree cemetery dawns, wine drunkenness over the rooftops, storefront 
boroughs of teahead joyride neon blinking traffic light, sun and moon and tree 
vibrations in the roaring winter dusks of Brooklyn, ashcan rantings and kind 
king light of mind,
who chained themselves to subways for the endless 
ride from Battery to holy Bronx on benzedrine until the noise of wheels and 
children brought them down shuddering mouth-wracked and battered bleak of brain 
all drained of brilliance in the drear light of Zoo,
who sank all night 
in submarine light of Bickford's floated out and sat through the stale beer 
afternoon in desolate Fugazzi's, listening to the crack of doom on the hydrogen 
jukebox,
who talked continuously seventy hours from park to pad to bar to 
Bellevue to museum to the Brooklyn Bridge,
a lost batallion of platonic 
conversationalists jumping down the stoops off fire escapes off windowsills off 
Empire State out of the moon
yacketayakking screaming vomiting whispering 
facts and memories and anecdotes and eyeball kicks and shocks of hospitals and 
jails and wars,
whole intellects disgorged in total recall for seven days 
and nights with brilliant eyes, meat for the Synagogue cast on the 
pavement,
who vanished into nowhere Zen New Jersey leaving a trail of 
ambiguous picture postcards of Atlantic City Hall,
suffering Eastern 
sweats and Tangerian bone-grindings and migraines of China under junk-withdrawal 
in Newark's bleak furnished room,
who wandered around and around at 
midnight in the railway yard wondering where to go, and went, leaving no broken 
hearts,
who lit cigarettes in boxcars boxcars boxcars racketing through 
snow toward lonesome farms in grandfather night,
who studied Plotinus Poe 
St John of the Cross telepathy and bop kabbalah because the universe 
instinctively vibrated at their feet in Kansas,
who loned it through the 
streets of Idaho seeking visionary indian angels who were visionary indian 
angels,
who thought they were only mad when Baltimore gleamed in 
supernatural ecstasy,
who jumped in limousines with the Chinaman of 
Oklahoma on the impulse of winter midnight streetlight smalltown 
rain,
who lounged hungry and lonesome through Houston seeking jazz or sex 
or soup, and followed the brilliant Spaniard to converse about America and 
Eternity, a hopeless task, and so took ship to Africa,
who disappeared 
into the volcanoes of Mexico leaving nothing behind but the shadow of dungarees 
and the larva and ash of poetry scattered in fireplace Chicago,
who 
reappeared on the West Coast investigating the FBI in beards and shorts with big 
pacifist eyes sexy in their dark skin passing out incomprehensible 
leaflets,
who burned cigarette holes in their arms protesting the 
narcotic tobacco haze of Capitalism, who distributed Supercommunist pamphlets in 
Union Square weeping and undressing while the sirens of Los Alamos wailed them 
down, and wailed down Wall, and the Staten Island ferry also wailed,
who 
broke down crying in white gymnasiums naked and trembling before the machinery 
of other skeletons,
who bit detectives in the neck and shrieked with 
delight in policecars for committing no crime but their own wild cooking 
pederasty and intoxication,
who howled on their knees in the subway and 
were dragged off the roof waving genitals and manuscripts,
who let 
themselves be fucked in the ass by saintly motorcyclists, and screamed with 
joy,
who blew and were blown by those human seraphim, the sailors, 
caresses of Atlantic and Caribbean love,
who balled in the morning in the 
evenings in rosegardens and the grass of public parks and cemeteries scattering 
their semen freely to whomever come who may,
who hiccuped endlessly 
trying to giggle but wound up with a sob behind a partition in a Turkish Bath 
when the blond & naked angel came to pierce them with a sword,
who 
lost their loveboys to the three old shrews of fate the one eyed shrew of the 
heterosexual dollar the one eyed shrew that winks out of the womb and the one 
eyed shrew that does nothing but sit on her ass and snip the intellectual golden 
threads of the craftsman's loom,
who copulated ecstatic and insatiate and 
fell off the bed, and continued along the floor and down the hall and ended 
fainting on the wall with a vision of ultimate cunt and come eluding the last 
gyzym of consciousness,
who sweetened the snatches of a million girls 
trembling in the sunset, and were red eyed in the morning but were prepared to 
sweeten the snatch of the sunrise, flashing buttocks under barns and naked in 
the lake,
who went out whoring through Colorado in myriad stolen 
night-cars, N.C., secret hero of these poems, cocksman and Adonis of Denver—joy 
to the memory of his innumerable lays of girls in empty lots & diner 
backyards, moviehouses' rickety rows, on mountaintops in caves or with gaunt 
waitresses in familiar roadside lonely petticoat upliftings & especially 
secret gas-station solipsisms of johns, & hometown alleys too,
who 
faded out in vast sordid movies, were shifted in dreams, woke on a sudden 
Manhattan, and picked themselves up out of basements hungover with heartless 
Tokay and horrors of Third Avenue iron dreams & stumbled to unemployment 
offices,
who walked all night with their shoes full of blood on the 
snowbank docks waiting for a door in the East River to open full of steamheat 
and opium,
who created great suicidal dramas on the appartment 
cliff-banks of the Hudson under the wartime blue floodlight of the moon & 
their heads shall be crowned with laurel in oblivion,
who ate the lamb 
stew of the imagination or digested the crab at the muddy bottom of the rivers 
of the Bowery,
who wept at the romance of the streets with their 
pushcarts full of onions and bad music,
who sat in boxes breathing in the 
darkness under the bridge, and rose up to build harpsichords in their lofts, who 
coughed on the sixth floor of Harlem crowned with flame under the tubercular sky 
surrounded by orange crates of theology,
who scribbled all night rocking 
and rolling over lofty incantations which in the yellow morning were stanzas of 
gibberish,
who cooked rotten animals lung heart feet tail borsht & 
tortillas dreaming of the pure vegetable kingdom,
who plunged themselves 
under meat trucks looking for an egg,
who threw their watches off the 
roof to cast their ballot for an Eternity outside of Time, & alarm clocks 
fell on their heads every day for the next decade,
who cut their wrists 
three times successively unsuccessfully, gave up and were forced to open antique 
stores where they thought they were growing old and cried,
who were 
burned alive in their innocent flannel suits on Madison Avenue amid blasts of 
leaden verse & the tanked-up clatter of the iron regiments of fashion & 
the nitroglycerine shrieks of the fairies of advertising & the mustard gas 
of sinister intelligent editors, or were run down by the drunken taxicabs of 
Absolute Reality,
who jumped off the Brooklyn Bridge this actually 
happened and walked away unknown and forgotten into the ghostly daze of 
Chinatown soup alleyways & firetrucks, not even one free beer,
who 
sang out of their windows in despair, fell out of the subway window, jumped in 
the filthy Passaic, leaped on negroes, cried all over the street, danced on 
broken wineglasses barefoot smashed phonograph records of nostalgic European 
1930s German jazz finished the whiskey and threw up groaning into the bloody 
toilet, moans in their ears and the blast of colossal steamwhistles,
who 
barreled down the highways of the past journeying to each other's 
hotrod-Golgotha jail-solitude watch Birmingham jazz incarnation,
who 
drove crosscountry seventytwo hours to find out if I had a vision or you had a 
vision or he had a vision to find out Eternity,
who journeyed to Denver, 
who died in Denver, who came back to Denver & waited in vain, who watched 
over Denver & brooded & loned in Denver and finally went away to find 
out the Time, & now Denver is lonesome for her heroes,
who fell on 
their knees in hopeless cathedrals praying for each other's salvation and light 
and breasts, until the soul illuminated its hair for a second,
who 
crashed through their minds in jail waiting for impossible criminals with golden 
heads and the charm of reality in their hearts who sang sweet blues to 
Alcatraz,
who retired to Mexico to cultivate a habit, or Rocky Mount to 
tender Buddha or Tangiers to boys or Southern Pacific to the black locomotive or 
Harvard to Narcissus to Woodlawn to the daisychain or grave,
who demanded 
sanity trials accusing the radio of hypnotism & were left with their 
insanity & their hands & a hung jury,
who threw potato salad at 
CCNY lecturerson Dadaism and subsequently presented themselves on the granite 
steps of the madhouse with the shaven heads and harlequin speech of suicide, 
demanding instantaneous lobotomy,
and who were given instead the concrete 
void of insulin Metrazol electricity hydrotherapy psychotherapy occupational 
therapy pingpong & amnesia,
who in humorless protest overturned only 
one symbolic pingpong table, resting briefly in catatonia,
returning 
years later truly bald except for a wig of blood, and tears and fingers, to the 
visible madman doom of the wards of the madtowns of the East,
Pilgrim 
State's Rockland's and Greystone's foetid halls, bickering with the echoes of 
the soul, rocking and rolling in the midnight solitude-bench dolmen-realms of 
love, dream of life a nightmare, bodies turned to stone as heavy as the 
moon,
with mother finally fucked, and the last fantastic book flung out 
of the tenement window, and the last door closed at 4 A.M. and the last 
telephone slammed at the wall in reply and the last furnished room emptied down 
to the last piece of mental furniture, a yellow paper rose twisted on a wire 
hanger on the closet, and even that imaginary, nothing but a hopeful little bit 
of hallucination—
ah, Carl, while you are not safe I am not safe, and now 
you're really in the total animal soup of time—
and who therefore ran 
through the icy streets obsessed with a sudden flash of the alchemy of the use 
of the ellipse the catalog the meter & the vibrating plane,
who 
dreamt and made incarnate gaps in Time & Space through images juxtaposed, 
and trapped the archangel of the soulbetween 2 visual images and joined the 
elemental verbs and set the noun and dash of consciousness together jumping with 
sensation of Pater Omnipotens Aeterna Deus
to recreate the syntax and 
measure of poor human prose and stand before you speechless and intelligent and 
shaking with shame, rejected yet confessing out the soul to conform to the 
rhythm of thought in his naked and endless head,
the madman bum and angel 
beat in Time, unknown, yet putting down here what might be left to say in time 
come after death,
and rose incarnate in the ghostly clothes of jazz in 
the goldhorn shadow of the band and blew the suffering of America's naked mind 
for love into an eli eli lamma lamma sabacthani saxophone cry that shivered the 
cities down to the last radio
with the absolute heart of the poem 
butchered out of their own bodies good to eat a thousand 
years.
II